This research project focused on establishing minimum requirements for the remote supervision of automated vehicles in Switzerland, where vehicles are potentially steered by a remote operation system in necessary situations.

Read the final report (D/F/E)

As of March 1, 2025, the Ordinance on Automated Driving (VAF) will come into effect in Switzerland. This research report focuses on the third use case of the ordinance, defining for the first time the minimum requirements for Remote Operation Systems. These requirements are crucial for ensuring the safe and efficient remote control of driverless vehicles on authorized routes.

By analyzing safety and regulatory aspects, the report provides a key contribution to the practical implementation of the VAF.

Key Findings

1. Latency Tolerance: Delays of up to 850 ms do not impair maneuverability at low speeds (max. 6 km/h)
2. Scenario Relevance: The issue of false-positive obstacle detection was confirmed as a critical real-world problem but can be addressed with the current LOXO and BFH system
3. Operator Challenges: Targeted training is essential to handle high latencies and complex maneuvers
4. Taxonomy: A classification system for five Remote Operation Levels (ROL) was developed, distinguishing between Monitoring, Tele-assistance, Tele-operation, Tele-driving, and Remote Controller Driving

This study establishes a comprehensive scientific foundation for the regulatory approval of remote operation systems and provides practical guidelines for industry stakeholders.

By setting clear evaluation criteria, the project helps shape the future of remote-controlled vehicle operations, ensuring both safety and efficiency in automated mobility.